WINDS. 5 - 10. KNOTS. The Marine Weather Forecast In Detail: ANZ532 Forecast Issued: 855 AM EDT Fri May 24 2024. Today... Ne Winds 5 Kt. Waves Flat. Scattered Showers With A Slight Chance Of Tstms.Potomac River At Hancock, MD. This Afternoon. 84 Scattered Showers. Scattered showers and thunderstorms. Partly sunny, with a high near 84. Northwest wind around 5 mph. Chance of precipitation is 30%. Tonight. 61 Scattered T-storms and Patchy Fog. Scattered showers and thunderstorms, mainly before 5am.The tidal Potomac River offers some of the finest fishing, crabbing and shellfishing on the Atlantic coast. The estuary runs from the tidal fresh waters of Washington, DC to the mid-range salinities of the Chesapeake Bay at Point Lookout, Maryland and Smith Point, Virginia. ... MARINE POLICE Maryland: (410) 260-8888 or (800) 628-9944 Virginia ...Marine Weather Forecast and Tide. Free. Everything on a single page. 7 day forecast, marine weather, tide, area forecast, Doppler Radar, Satellite, weather map, Buoy Stations, Airport Weather. ... ANZ536 Tidal Potomac From Indian Head To Cobb Island- 934 Pm Est Thu Feb 29 2024. Rest of tonight - NE winds 5 kt. Waves less than 1 ft.NWS Marine Forecast. SLZ022-024-251530- Saint Lawrence River from Cape Vincent to Saint Regis 1012 AM EDT Sat May 25 2024 TODAY East winds less than 10 knots. A chance of showers early this afternoon. Showers likely with a chance of thunderstorms late. TONIGHT Northeast winds less than 10 knots.Central and Southeast Prince William/Manassas/Manassas Park-. 409 AM EDT Wed May 22 2024. This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for the Maryland portion of the. Chesapeake Bay, Tidal Potomac River, and I-95 corridor through. central Maryland, northern Virginia, and District of Columbia.Average High 2019–2024. 68.5 °F. Potomac River - Quantico weather forecast updated daily. NOAA weather radar, satellite and synoptic charts. Current conditions, warnings and historical records.FZUS51 KLWX 242336 CWFLWX Coastal Waters Forecast National Weather Service Baltimore MD/Washington DC 735 PM EDT Fri May 24 2024 Tidal Potomac River and Maryland portion of Chesapeake Bay. Forecasts of wave heights do not include effects of wind direction relative to tidal currents. Expect higher waves when winds are blowing …Here are four major challenges that Kelly must confront, preferably sooner rather than later. Retired general John Kelly, a man who has defined his entire life’s work on service to...Water begins to inundate lower portions of the Potomac Fish & Game Club. 10.5. Water exceeds the banks and covers the road at the end of the boat ramp in Williamsport. Flood Categories (in feet) Not Available. Historic Crests. (1) 48.60 ft on 03/18/1936. (2) 37.00 ft on 04/27/1937. (3) 36.30 ft on 11/06/1985.About NOAA Tide Predictions. Choose a station using our Tides and Currents Map , click on a state below, or search by station name, ID, or latitude/longitude. Or search: search help. West Coast. California. Oregon. Washington. Alaska. East Coast.Changes to Flood Stages and Forecast and Warning Services on the Potomac River . Following collaboration with our Emergency Management and National Park Service partners, the National Weather Service (NWS) Baltimore/Washington Forecast Office will make several changes along portions of the Potomac River during the winter of 2019/2020.The Maryland Department of Natural Resources is partnering with the National Marine Sanctuary Foundation to deploy and maintain a real-time water quality monitoring buoy at Mallows Bay in the Potomac River. To read more details about our partnership, click here. The charts and tables below display the most recent 7 days of …Zone Area Forecast for Tidal Potomac from Indian Head to Cobb Island MD. National Marine Forecasts; Forecast Discussion; Tide Information; Printable Forecast; Text Only Forecast; Tabular Forecast; ... River Levels ; Observed Precipitation ; Surface Weather ; Upper Air ; Marine and Buoy Reports ;Trang chủ - Xã Cẩm Đoài. Kinh tế - Chính trị. Bế mạc Hội nghị lần thứ 17 Ban Chấp hành Đảng bộ tỉnh Hải Dương khóa XVII. Văn hóa - Xã hội. Lễ hội mùa xuân Côn Sơn - Kiếp Bạc. Giáo dục - Y tế. Bế mạc Hội nghị lần thứ 17 Ban Chấp hành Đảng bộ tỉnh Hải ...FZUS52 KJAX 250654CWFJAX. Coastal Waters Forecast for Northeast Florida/Southeast Georgia. National Weather Service Jacksonville FL. 254 AM EDT Sat May 25 2024. Atlantic Coastal Waters from Altamaha Sound GA to Flagler Beach FL out to 60 nm. Seas are provided as a range of the average height of the highest 1/3 of the waves, along with the ...Average High 2019–2024. 70.3 °F. Potomac River - Potomac Creek Entrance weather forecast updated daily. NOAA weather radar, satellite and synoptic charts. Current conditions, warnings and historical records.Trout are not the only game in town this time of the year. Fishing for smallmouth bass and walleye is excellent in the upper Potomac River and to a slightly lesser extent in the lower Susquehanna River. A variety of soft plastic swim jigs, grubs, soft craw jigs, and crankbaits are all good choices to cast near current breaks and submerged ledges.Important Information. FAQ. Coastal Marine Zone Forecasts by the Baltimore/Washington DC Forecast Office. Click on the links in the table below to get the coastal marine forecast for each zone. Clicking on the map links to a text forecast that includes all of the zones and a synopsis.Widespread flooding is ongoing at River Bend and Potomac Fish & Game Club. Three feet of water are inside the first floor of the powerhouse at Dam Number Five. Water is approaching outbuildings at the Cushwa Basin with the parking lot flooded. 25: Structures are flooded at both Potomac Fish & Game Club and River Bend. 24Average High 2019–2024. 68.5 °F. Potomac River - Mattawoman Creek Entrance weather forecast updated daily. NOAA weather radar, satellite and synoptic charts. Current conditions, warnings and historical records.Piney Point, Potomac River, MD Tides. Marine Forecast: Tidal Potomac Cobb Island MD to Smith Point VA. TIDES; Date Time Feet Tide; Fri May 17: 4:09pm: 0.37 ft:In April 2016, ICPRB participated in an Algae Summit that coincided with the EPA Region 3 Water Director's meeting. Subsequently, on August 10th of that year, the Commission hosted an EPA-sponsored workshop on algae identification. Interested staff of state agencies and river basin commissions from Mid-Atlantic states took the time to ...Live Tide. Next HIGH TIDE in Aquia Creek is at 7:13AM. which is in 3hr 3min 52s from now. Next LOW TIDE in Aquia Creek is at 2:10PM. which is in 10hr 52s from now. The tide is rising. Local time: 4:09:07 AM. Tide chart for Aquia Creek Showing low and high tide times for the next 30 days at Aquia Creek. Tide Times are EDT (UTC -4.0hrs).Potomac River - Lower Cedar Point weather forecast issued today at 6:10 am. Next forecast at approx. 7:10 am. 1-Day 3-Day 5-Day Graph Plots Open in GraphsA National Weather Service "Marine Point Forecast" refers to a text forecast for a single point generated from a forecaster-generated gridded data set known as the National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD) also used to produce graphics. The NDFD is used as the basis for the majority of local public and marine forecasts and is in the process of being further expanded to the offshore and high ...Point Forecast: 38.47°N 77.3°W: Last Update: 7:30 pm EDT May 19, 2024: Forecast Valid: 8pm EDT May 19, 2024-6pm EDT May 26, 2024 : Forecast DiscussionForecast Summary: May 15 – May 21: Unstable, but warm weather this week will make for generally good fishing conditions to enjoy the variety of fish currently swimming in …Marine Forecast: Tidal Potomac Indian Head to Cobb Island MD. TIDES; Date Time Feet Tide; Sat May 18: 4:37am: ... Aquia Creek, Potomac River, MD. High Tide 1.43 ft 3 ...ICPRB works with multiple agencies to study and better understand the environmental factors stressing and degrading aquatic communities in Potomac streams and rivers. Studies have focused on problems identified in specific streams and rivers (e.g., Cacapon River) and on individual stressors experienced across the basin (e.g., flow alteration).Indian Head, Potomac River, MD. Low Tide 0.52 ft 8:37am . LOCAL MARINE FORECAST: ... NEARBY MARINE FORECASTS: Tidal Potomac Indian Head to Cobb Island MD. N Winds 10 ...Tides for Aquia Creek, Potomac River, MD. Aquia Creek, Potomac River, MD Tides. Marine Forecast: Tidal Potomac Indian Head to Cobb Island MD. TIDES; Date Time Feet Tide; Sat May 25: 8:17am: 1.61 ft: ... LOCAL MARINE FORECAST: Tidal Potomac Indian Head to Cobb Island MD. Light Winds . NEARBY MARINE FORECASTS: Tidal Potomac Key Bridge to Indian ...Apr 28, 2024 · Southwest winds 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 20 percent. Monday ...Sunny, hot with highs around 90. West winds 5 to 10 mph. Monday Night ...Partly cloudy in the evening, then becoming mostly clear. Lows in the mid 60s. South winds 5 to 10 mph. Tuesday ...Mostly sunny with a chance of showers. Hot with highs in the upper 80s.Marine Forecast: Tarpon Springs to Suwannee River FL. FORECAST; Homosassa, Florida Lat: 28.78N, Lon: 82.62W. Current Conditions Updated: 953 PM EDT WED MAY 22 2024 . Clear Temp: 81°F . Humidity: 49%; Winds: 3 MPH ENE; ... NEARBY MARINE FORECASTS: Suwannee River to Keaton Beach. N Winds 5 - 10 Knots . Englewood to Tarpon Springs FL out 20 NM. N ...ANZ538-202000- Patapsco River including Baltimore Harbor- 636 AM EDT Mon May 20 2024 TODAY SE winds 5 kt. Waves flat.TONIGHT S winds 5 kt. Waves flat.TUE S winds 5 to 10 kt. Waves 1 ft or less. Areas of fog. Vsby 1 to 3 NM. TUE NIGHT S winds 5 to 10 kt. Waves 1 ft or less.WED S winds 5 to 10 kt. Waves 1 ft or less.WED …Public Information Statement National Weather Service Baltimore MD/Washington DC 1133 AM EDT Thu Oct 26 2023 RIVER OBSERVATIONS AND FORECASTS ARE PLANNED TO BE DISCONTINUED FOR THE POTOMAC RIVER GAUGE AT DAM NUMBER FIVE ABOVE WILLIAMSPORT MD EFFECTIVE 30 NOVEMBER 2023 The Potomac River …Tides for Colonial Beach, Potomac River, VA. Date Time Feet Tide; Wed May 22: 3:28pm: 1.65 ft: High Tide: Wed May 22: 8:43pm: 0.49 ftNOTE: Forecasts for the Potomac River near Washington DC (Little Falls) are issued routinely year-round. Default Hydrograph Scale to Flood Categories Return to Area MapThese inundation map libraries show extent and depth of a freshwater flood on the Potomac River from near Fletcher's Cove in Northwest DC to just above the mouth of Broad Creek in Prince George's County, Maryland, a distance of approximately 14 miles. Potential backwater flooding of tributaries by the Potomac is also represented within this ...Weather Forecast In Detail: Forecast Issued: 1145 PM EDT Wed May 22 2024. Rest Of Tonight ...Partly cloudy. Lows in the upper 60s. South winds 5 to 10 mph. Thursday ...Partly sunny. A chance of showers and thunderstorms in the afternoon. Highs in the upper 80s. Southwest winds 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 50 percent.WINDS. 5 KNOTS. The Marine Weather Forecast In Detail: ANZ538 Forecast Issued: 134 PM EDT Tue May 21 2024. This Afternoon... Se Winds 10 Kt. Waves 1 Ft. Tonight... S Winds 5 To 10 Kt.Tides for Solomons Island, Patuxent River, MD. Solomons Island, Patuxent River, MD Tides. Marine Forecast: Patuxent River MD. TIDES; Date Time Feet Tide; Mon May 20: 7:04pm: 0.20 ft: Low Tide: Tue May 21: 1:33am: 1.51 ft: ... NEARBY MARINE FORECASTS: Chesapeake Bay North Beach to Drum Point MD. E Winds 5 Knots . Chesapeake Bay Drum Point MD to ...Current Conditions. Radar. Forecasts. Rivers and Lakes. Climate and Past Weather. Local Programs. Potomac River at Harpers Ferry Forecast Change Begins May 3rd, 2016. On Tuesday, May 3rd, 2016, the National Weather Service will improve the level of forecast services being provided on the Potomac. River at Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.MARINE FORECAST. May 29, 2023. MARINE FORECAST. LOOK FOR MAINLY CLOUDY SKIES THROUGH WEDNESDAY WITH PASSING SHOWERS AND DRIZZLE AT TIMES. THE VISIBILITY WILL BE MODERATE TO POOR THROUGH THE ...Colonial Beach Sea Conditions table showing wave height, swell direction and period. High and low tide times are also provided on the table along with the moon phase and forecast weather. Sunrise today is at 06:05 AM and sunset is at 08:04 PM. Moderate rain (total 19mm), heaviest on Mon night. Very warm air temperatures (max 32°C on Wed ...Marine Forecast: Little River Inlet to Murrells Inlet. FORECAST; North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina Lat: 33.83N, Lon: 78.67W. ... LOCAL MARINE FORECAST: Little River Inlet to Murrells Inlet. Se Winds 5 - 10 Knots . NEARBY MARINE FORECASTS: Cape Fear to Little River Inlet.The Marine Weather Forecast In Detail: GMZ530 Forecast Issued: 929 AM CDT Tue May 21 2024. Today...Southeast Winds 5 To 10 Knots. Waves Around 2 Feet. ... Tchefuncta River, Lake Pontchartrain, LA. High Tide 0.66 ft 7:05pm . New Canal USCG station, Lake Pontchartrain, LA. High Tide 0.44 ft 5:44pm .The Marine Weather Forecast In Detail: AMZ131 Forecast Issued: 345 AM EDT Sun May 19 2024. SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY IN EFFECT THROUGH THIS EVENING . ... particularly for the middle Chesapeake Bay and tidal portions of the Rappahannock River and southern shore of the tidal Potomac. ...Tides for Travis Point, Coan River, Potomac River, VA. ... Coan River, Potomac River, VA Tides. Marine Forecast: Tidal Potomac Cobb Island MD to Smith Point VA. TIDES ...A worrying trend. US Marine officer candidates are doing worse and worse on an intelligence test that’s been around in some form since World War II, according to a new study of dec...FZUS51 KLWX 221134 CWFLWX Coastal Waters Forecast National Weather Service Baltimore MD/Washington DC 734 AM EDT Wed May 22 2024 Tidal Potomac River and Maryland portion of Chesapeake Bay. Forecasts of wave heights do not include effects of wind direction relative to tidal currents. Expect higher waves when winds are blowing against the tidal flow.The proposed Mallows Bay-Potomac River National Marine Sanctuary encompassing 18 square miles contains a unique and rich legacy that spans American history, from Native American culture to Revolutionary and Civil War era activity to industrial era steamboat transports and historic commercial fishing operations. Its most prominent feature is the ...Seas 2 To 4 Feet, Occasionally To 5 Feet. Wave Detail: South 4 Feet At 6 Seconds. Monday Night... Southwest Winds 10 To 15 Knots. Seas 2 To 3 Feet. A Slight Chance Of Showers And Thunderstorms. Winds And Seas Higher In And Near Thunderstorms. SHARE THIS PAGE: Marine Forecast for Boothville, LA to Southwest Pass of the Mississippi River.Indian Head, Potomac River, MD. Low Tide 0.52 ft 8:37am . LOCAL MARINE FORECAST: ... NEARBY MARINE FORECASTS: Tidal Potomac Indian Head to Cobb Island MD. N Winds 10 ...May 11, 2024 · NWS Forecast for: Tidal Potomac from Cobb Island MD to Smith Point VA (ANZ537) Issued by: National Weather Service Baltimore, MD/Washington, D.C. Last Update: 735 AM EDT Sat May 11 2024. Today: NE winds 10 kt...becoming SE this afternoon. Waves 1 to 2 ft. Tonight: SE winds 10 to 15 kt...becoming SW 5 to 10 kt late.This is NOT a complete listing of NWS marine forecast products for this area. ... Synopsis for Tidal Potomac River and MD Portion of the Chesapeake Bay (ANZ500/073500 1) Chesapeake Bay north of Pooles Island, MD (ANZ530/073530) Chesapeake Bay from Pooles Island to Sandy Point, MD (ANZ531/073531)We specialize in handling all insurance claims. Our experience gives our customers a real advantage when disaster strikes, large or small. Serving the boating community for over 20 years, providing excellent service, quality parts, and dedication to customer service. Please feel free to call us at 703-670-0080. Home Potomac Marine Woodbridge ...Tides for Travis Point, Coan River, Potomac River, VA. ... Coan River, Potomac River, VA Tides. Marine Forecast: Tidal Potomac Cobb Island MD to Smith Point VA. TIDES ...NOAA’s Mallows Bay-Potomac River National Marine Sanctuary works alongside its co-managers, the state of Maryland and Charles County, to support the interpretation of wildlife within the sanctuary waters and surrounding shores. Here’s a look at some of the more common species you may encounter while exploring the area. To learn more, explore a …Sunday. Patchy drizzle before noon, then isolated showers after 5pm. Patchy fog before 9am. Otherwise, mostly cloudy, with a high near 74. Calm wind becoming north around 6 mph in the afternoon. Sunday Night. Isolated showers before 9pm. Patchy fog after 1am. Otherwise, mostly cloudy, with a low around 57.Located on the Potomac River only 30 miles downstream from our nation's capital, Mallows Bay is renowned for its diverse collection of historic shipwrecks, recreational opportunities and scenic beauty. Through a community-based effort, this Maryland treasure in Charles County is now the first national marine sanctuary in the state of Maryland ...Seas 2 To 4 Feet, Occasionally To 5 Feet. Wave Detail: South 4 Feet At 6 Seconds. Monday Night... Southwest Winds 10 To 15 Knots. Seas 2 To 3 Feet. A Slight Chance Of Showers And Thunderstorms. Winds And Seas Higher In And Near Thunderstorms. SHARE THIS PAGE: Marine Forecast for Boothville, LA to Southwest Pass of the Mississippi River.ANZ541-222000- Choptank River to Cambridge MD and the Little Choptank River- 1034 AM EDT Wed May 22 2024 SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 2 PM EDT THIS AFTERNOON THROUGH LATE TONIGHT REST OF TODAY S winds 10 kt. Waves 1 ft. TONIGHT S winds 10 to 15 kt. Gusts up to 20 kt in the evening. …The horizontal resolution is about 13 km. Forecasts are computed 4 times a day, at about 1:00 AM, 7:00 AM, 1:00 PM and 7:00 PM Eastern Daylight Time. Predictions are available in time steps of 3 hours for up to 10 days into the future. The arrows point in the direction in which the wind is blowing. Check the wind forecast for Potomac River ...FZUS51 KLWX 221134 CWFLWX Coastal Waters Forecast National Weather Service Baltimore MD/Washington DC 734 AM EDT Wed May 22 2024 Tidal Potomac River and Maryland portion of Chesapeake Bay. Forecasts of wave heights do not include effects of wind direction relative to tidal currents. Expect higher waves when winds are blowing against the tidal flow.Marine Forecast: Patuxent River MD. FORECAST; Lusby, Maryland Lat: 38.41N, Lon: 76.46W. Current Conditions Updated: 252 PM EDT MON MAY 20 2024 . Mostly Cloudy Temp: 74°F . Humidity: 61%; ... Weather Forecast In Detail: Forecast Issued: 132 PM EDT Mon May 20 2024. This Afternoon...Mostly sunny. Highs in the …King George County is situated along the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers (Figure 1). Through time, the County's shoreline has evolved, and determining the rates and patterns of shore change provides the basis to know how a particular coast has changed through time and how it might proceed in the future. Along Chesapeake Bay's estuarine shores, winds, waves, tides, and currents shape ...WED NW winds around 5 kt. Waves 1 ft. A chance of showers and tstms through the night. Winds and waves higher and visibilities lower in and near tstms. ANZ536-250800 Tidal Potomac from Indian Head to Cobb Island 1034 PM EDT Fri May 24 2024.Forecast for Middle River, MD. Middle River, MD Weather Forecast. Marine Forecast: Chesapeake Bay Pooles Island to Sandy Point MD. FORECAST; Middle River, Maryland Lat: 39.33N, Lon: 76.43W. Current Conditions Updated: 854 AM EDT TUE MAY 21 2024 . Clear Temp: 69°F .Changes to Flood Stages and Forecast and Warning Services on the Potomac River . Following collaboration with our Emergency Management and National Park Service partners, the National Weather Service (NWS) Baltimore/Washington Forecast Office will make several changes along portions of the Potomac River during the winter of 2019/2020.This is NOT a complete listing of NWS marine forecast products for this area. ... Synopsis for Tidal Potomac River and MD Portion of the Chesapeake Bay (ANZ500/073500 1) Chesapeake Bay north of Pooles Island, MD (ANZ530/073530) Chesapeake Bay from Pooles Island to Sandy Point, MD (ANZ531/073531)Marine Weather Forecast and Tide. Free. Everything on a single page. 7 day forecast, marine weather, tide, area forecast, Doppler Radar, Satellite, weather map, Buoy Stations, Airport Weather. ... Colton's Point, Potomac River, Maryland, Tide feet. Tide / Current for Point Patience, 0.1 mile southwest of, Maryland Current EDIT HIDE Help.During explosive detonation periods, there can be no marine traffic transiting near or around the bridge for safety reasons. ... All navigable waters of the Potomac River, encompassed by a line connecting the following points beginning at 38°21′38.74″ N, 077°00′52.99″ W, thence east to 38°21′52.67″ N, 076°59′2.51″ W, thence ...NWS Marine Forecast. ANZ535-190800- Tidal Potomac from Key Bridge to Indian Head- 1034 PM EDT Sat May 18 2024 REST OF TONIGHT NE winds around 5 kt. Waves 1 ft. Patchy fog. Isolated showers. Vsby 1 to 3 NM. SUN NE winds around 5 kt. Waves 1 ft. Patchy fog. Vsby 1 to 3 NM. SUN NIGHT E winds around 5 kt. Waves 1 ft. MON NE winds around 5 kt. Waves ...S Winds 5 To 10 Kt...Becoming Nw After Midnight. Waves 1 Ft. A Chance Of Tstms In The Morning. Showers Likely. A Chance Of Showers After Midnight. Winds And Waves Higher And Visibilities Lower In And Near Tstms. Marine Forecast for Patuxent River to Broomes Island MD.Average High 2019–2024. 68.5 °F. Potomac River - Mattawoman Creek Entrance weather forecast updated daily. NOAA weather radar, satellite and synoptic charts. Current conditions, warnings and historical records.Marine Weather for: Atlantic - Newfoundland. Click on the coloured marine region for which you would like the marine forecast or latest warning. Warning. Watch. Advisory. No warning or watch. Strong wind warning program start and end dates may vary. More details. Area (s) with warnings in effect:. Indian Head, Potomac River, MD. Low Tide 0.52 ft 8:37am . LOCAL MARINFind the most current and reliable 14 day weather forec The horizontal resolution is about 13 km. Forecasts are computed 4 times a day, at about 1:00 AM, 7:00 AM, 1:00 PM and 7:00 PM Eastern Daylight Time. Predictions are available in time steps of 3 hours for up to 10 days into the future. The arrows point in the direction in which the wind is blowing. Check the wind forecast for Quantico, Potomac ... Jun 8, 2023. MARINE FORECAST. THE VISIBILITY WILL BE Marine Forecast: Tidal Potomac Indian Head to Cobb Island MD. TIDES; Date Time Feet Tide; Sat May 18: 4:37am: ... Aquia Creek, Potomac River, MD. High Tide 1.43 ft 3 ...Tides for Quantico, Potomac River, VA. Quantico, Potomac River, VA Tides. Marine Forecast: Tidal Potomac Indian Head to Cobb Island MD. TIDES; Date Time Feet Tide; Wed May 22: 7:07am: 1.67 ft: High Tide: ... LOCAL MARINE FORECAST: Tidal Potomac Indian Head to Cobb Island MD. S Winds 5 - 10 Knots . NEARBY MARINE FORECASTS: Tidal Potomac Key ... Storm tide measured from 6 to 9 feet in the Chesapea...
Continue Reading